Complete Colorado

Colorado gun sales surge ahead of permit-to-purchase scheme

DENVER–A record number of Coloradans got background checks to purchase guns last month ahead of the state’s new permit-to-purchase scheme for many commonly owned semi-automatic firearms, which officially took effect August 1.

Colorado’s InstaCheck Unit, which runs the background checks, processed 59,452 checks in July, a 195% increase from the 20,172 background checks the unit ran in July 2025.

That marks “the highest volume of firearm background checks on record,” the Colorado Bureau of Investigation said on Monday.

Colorado’s majority Democrats passed Senate Bill 25-003 last year, establishing a permit-to-purchase scheme for many semi-automatic rifles, shotguns and handguns that take detachable magazines. The legislation, which Gov. Jared Polis signed into law in April 2025, began as an outright sales ban on semi-automatic firearms, but was amended to the permitting scheme.

Under the new law, the sale of numerous semi-automatic guns is banned unless a buyer applies for a “firearms safety course eligibility card” with their local sheriff’s office, pays associated fees, takes a state-approved course, and then passes an exam.

As previously reported by Complete Colorado, the law currently applies to approximately 900 firearm makes and models, many of them in the popular AR-15 platform, as decided by the Colorado Department of Revenue.

CBI said it “implemented a comprehensive surge plan to meet the heightened demand” in firearm purchases ahead of SB-003 going into effect. The agency processed more background checks compared to Black Friday 2025, which had  2,547 processed checks, on nine different days in July, according to the InstaCheck data.

Legal fight looms

Democrats who worked to pass SB-003 took a victory lap in the days before the law took effect, arguing it will save lives.

“High-capacity magazines are what put the ‘mass’ into mass shootings, which is why over a decade ago Colorado Democrats passed legislation to prohibit magazines that hold over 15 rounds of ammunition,” Sen. Tom Sullivan, a prime sponsor of the bill, said in a statement. “This law further enforces that ban. It will save lives and increase safety for all Coloradans. The people of Colorado have mandated that we do something about the public health crisis that is gun violence, so that’s exactly what we’re doing.”

While the law officially took effect on August 1, the deadline to purchase was effectively July 28, since Colorado requires a three-day waiting period for all firearm purchases, the Colorado State Shooting Association (CSSA) pointed out.

“This is an attack at the very core of what it means to be an American,” CSSA Executive Director Huey Laugesen said in a statement. “For generations, the fundamental premise has been that our rights belong to the people — they are not privileges handed down by the government. Beginning August 1, Colorado will turn that principle on its head.”

CSSA, along with Mountain States Legal Foundation, are suing in federal court over the law with the case Del Toro v. Polis.

At least one Colorado sheriff–in Montezuma County–has declined to participate in the permitting process, citing a lack of funding and staffing resources, as well as concerns over the constitutionality of the law.

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